The heading for
each taxon contains the following information (†Threat categories are based on
the revised list by Hodgetts 2011, replacing those in the British Red Data Book by Church et al. 2001).
ALIEN
Thought to be an introduced species in
CR
Critically Endangered †
EN
Endangered †
LS
Locally Scarce (taxa recorded post-1950 from four or fewer sites in
or Isles of Scilly, but which are not NR or NS)
NR Nationally Rare (recorded post-1950 in 1–15 hectads in Britain, mainly following list by Preston 2010, with data
on infraspecific taxa from other
sources)
NS
Nationally Scarce (recorded post-1950 in 16–100 hectads in Britain,
following list by Preston 2006 with additions by Preston 2010: 33, i.e.
excluding recent additions to British list and most infraspecific
taxa)
S
Recorded in Isles of Scilly (see Paton & Holyoak
2005)
s. l.
sensu lato, i.e. aggregate species (comprising two or more
taxa)
s. str.
sensu stricto
S8
On Schedule 8 of Wildlife & Countryside Act
1981
VU
Vulnerable †
1
Recorded in mainland vc1 [excludes Isles of Scilly]
2
Recorded in vc2
vc1
vc2
[
]
Pre-1950 records only
{
}
Recorded only as weed of horticulture
Each species
account gives information in the following sequence:
SYNONYMS: see
note above.
FLORISTIC
ELEMENT: A note summarises the European distribution as a whole, coded as a
Biogeographic 'element' (cited from Hill et al. 2007, which is based largely on
the detailed account by Hill & Preston 1998), e.g. 'Temperate Oceanic' or
'Mediterranean-Atlantic European'.
FIRST RECORDS:
(marked*) for vice-county *1 or *2, or updated records (for taxa
unrecorded for fifty or more years, marked +1 or +2.
HABITATS: All
data refer strictly to author's observations in Cornwall and the Isles of scilly
[C&S], unless otherwise noted. Available data are briefly summarised for
rare species. For those that are commoner, information is given on the following
topics: growth form (i.e. tufts, turfs, cushions, mats, wefts: adopting
terminology of Hill et al. 2007), substrate types, water
relations, preferences for insolated or shaded sites; main kinds of habitats
occupied; any records of unusual habitats. In many cases where a diversity of
habitats has been recorded the field notes are merely listed. This avoids rather
glib summaries stating, e.g., 'wet places, shaded or unshaded, acidic or basic',
when the bryophyte involved is nevertheless much less common than such a
description might imply. Although generalised descriptions of habitat parameters
are shorter and easier to understand than lists from field data, they can be
seriously misleading when a taxon is later found to consist of several cryptic
species each having different ecological preferences, as is proving to be the
case with some of our bryophytes now molecular data are becoming available (e.g.
Aneura pinguis
s. l.).
ASSOCIATES: All
data refer strictly to the author's observations in C&S, unless otherwise
noted. Associated plants (especially bryophytes) are noted, the lists often
being first of 'Common associates' then of 'other associates'. Associates were
defined as plants growing in immediate contact (i.e. normally touching the
species in question, not merely species present 'nearby'). For relatively common
bryophytes the lists are intended only to be indicative of the usual or commoner
associates, not comprehensive. Scientific or English names of vascular plants
mainly follow Stace (2010), with authors given only for those not included in
his Flora. Generally, English names
are used for familiar trees and shrubs, scientific names for the remainder of
the flora.
OCCURRENCE OF
VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES: All data refer strictly to author's observations in
C&S, unless otherwise noted. Occurrence of bulbils, gemmae, tubers,
deciduous leaves or other propagules is briefly noted.
OCCURRENCE OF
SPOROPHYTES: All data refer strictly to author's observations in C&S, unless
otherwise noted. Sexuality
(dioicous, autoicous, synoicous, paroicous, etc.) is sometimes noted based on
Hill et al. (2007) or a reference
that is cited. c.fr. = with sporophytes (even very immature or very old). Only
four categories are used for frequency of occurrence of sporophytes: Common
(present on 10-100% of occurrences of taxon), Frequent (on 1-10%), Occasional
(on 0.1-1 %), Rare (on <0.1 %). Generalisations like these are only attempted
where taxon itself has reasonably large number of records. Additional details
are given for rare taxa or where sporophytes were seen <5 times in total.
Normally records of capsules in each month (1 = January, 12 = December) are
summarised as Immature, Dehiscing or Dehisced; exceptional or unusual records
and those based on very few capsules are given in square brackets. For
cleistocarpous capsules of some mosses records are given as Immature and Large
immature capsules. For many liverworts occurrence of perianths is recorded in
similar way to capsules. Months are summarised as, e.g. 3-6, only when there are
records for all intervening months (thus, 3-6 = March, April, May and
June).
Additional
information on some species may consider:
NOTES ON TAXONOMY
AND IDENTIFICATION: Given mainly where changes in taxonomy have affected
distributional data, e.g. newly described or newly recognised taxa, or those
notorious for being misidentified or where the characters used for
identification have changed over the years.
SUMMARY OF RANGE AND STATUS: A brief summary of the range in Britain and Ireland ('B.I.') may be given, mainly based on Hill, Preston & Smith (1991-1994) and Hill et al. (2008); references to literature are only given for sources additional to these. Comments on the range in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (C&S) are sometimes given and intended mainly to amplify or explain the data shown on the tetrad map. Where relevant, 'Status' then considers evidence of changed abundance or range in C&S since the 1960s (sometimes mentioning a numerical Change index: see the final chapter); brief references to changes elsewhere in B.I. are also added where appropriate.
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