THE BRYOPHYTES OF CORNWALL |
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| Introduction - Hornworts - Liverworts - Mosses - Coastal influences - Analysis - Bibliography - Acknowledgements - Links - CISFBR | ||
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Analysis of changes in bryophyte distribution The detailed data for much of the county resulting
from Mrs Paton's work in the 1960s allows fuller assessment of changes in
its bryophyte flora over the past 30-40 years than is possible for any
other British county. Indeed, no comparable data exist for anywhere else
in the world with an equally rich bryoflora. There is now much cause for
concern over loss of floristic diversity in Detailed records of bryophyte
distribution over much of Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly (C&S) were
obtained (mainly) from 1959-1968 by Mrs Jean Paton, and again from
1993-2010 by the present author. The existence of these two sets of data
provides an almost unique opportunity to investigate changes in the
bryophyte flora over the period of nearly 40 years between surveys.
Data on occurrence in tetrads from the
two periods have therefore been compared systematically: for 1950-1992
(using a total of 33,943 different 'Old records'), and 1993-2010 (based on
48,532 different 'Recent records'). Table 4 gives the total numbers of Old
and Recent records used for each taxon, along with those for Very old
records (1791-1949). Table 5 gives indexes of change for each taxon,
intended to take account of the larger number of Recent than of Old
records. The change index was calculated as: C = (B × 0.6994 - A) × 100/A
(where C = change index, B = number of tetrads with Recent records, A =
number of tetrads with Old records). Thus an 'average bryophyte' would
show 0% change (C = 0%), a taxon that has become locally extinct would
show C = -100%, whereas a taxon recorded from twice as many tetrads by
Recent records than by Old records would show C =
+39.88%. Taxonomic changes tend to complicate
some of the comparisons, but allowance for these has been made by
comparing 'aggregate species' of similar taxonomic composition. Thus, Old
records of Ditrichum flexuosum
s. l. are compared with
those for D. gracile, since D. flexuosum s. str. is unknown in C&S. On the
other hand, old records of Schistidium apocarpum s. l. are compared with the combined
modern records for S. apocarpum s. str. and S. crassipilum, since there are few
Old data for the modern segregate species (and no related species of this
group are known in C&S). A small increase has occurred in the
total number of taxa recognised in Recent than in Old Records, but the
effects of this on the change index are small since mainly uncommon
species have been 'split' and the number of additional alien species
becoming established since the 1960s is small and all of those have
remained rare. Of course, removal (as duplicates) of Old records of taxa
that are now synonymised with others (e.g. Lophocolea cuspidata now included
in L. bidentata; var. lammersiana now included in Cephalozia bicuspidata; var. stokesii now included in Kindbergia praelonga) does nothing
to affect the change indexes. The change indexes are of little value
for rare species. This is mainly because almost all rarities have been
deliberately sought after during both Recent and Old periods of fieldwork,
commonly involving prolonged targeted searches and deliberately revisiting
old localities. Hence, down-scaling the Recent tetrad totals by a factor
of 0.6994 is usually inappropriate (and would result in taxa persisting at
a single locality receiving a misleading change index of C = -30.06%).
Small changes in the tetrad counts also tend to result in large
differences in change indexes (e.g. a new discovery in a second tetrad
gives C = +39.88%). Table 5 therefore lists rare species (those with fewer
than ten Recent and Old records) separately. The species accounts should
be consulted for full details of status changes of these rarities, which
are usually understood in greater depth than can be conveyed by a simple
change index. Several of the changes revealed by the
change indexes are not surprising, especially with species that show
increases. The expanding ranges of the aliens Campylopus introflexus (+329%) and
more recently of Lophocolea
bispinosa (+329%) have already attracted the attention of bryologists
in Cornwall. Similarly, increased frequency and range expansions have been
noticed for the native species Cololejeunea minutissima (+220%),
Colura calyptrifolia (+235%)
and Didymodon nicholsonii
(+3624%), although the last of these may have been somewhat overlooked in
the past like other rather nondescript species of Didymodon. However, large
increases of other species have attracted little or no attention, notably
of Zygodon conoideus (+169%),
Didymodon vinealis (+265%, but
perhaps sometimes overlooked earlier), Didymodon sinuosus (+299%), Cephalozia integerrima (+389%) and
Orthotrichum cupulatum (+774%).
Decreases have attracted even less attention, although the extinction of
Splachnum ampullaceum (-100%)
had not passed unnoticed. Very large declines are also apparent in Fissidens curvatus (-92%), Jungermannia pumila (-90%), Bryum archangelicum (-89%), Frullania teneriffae (-87%), Drepanocladus sendtneri (-86%), Weissia rutilans (-85%), Leiocolea turbinata (-85%), Breutelia chrysocoma (-85%), Rhabdoweisia fugax (-85%), Solenostoma hyalinum (-84%), Warnstorfia fluitans (-84%), Racomitrium aquaticum (-82%) and
Hygroamblystegium fluviatile
(-82%). In fact, excluding rarities, 93 taxa (nearly 15% of the total
recorded bryoflora) show decreases of more than 50%, whereas 49 taxa show
increases of >50%. The change indexes therefore reveal a
surprisingly dynamic bryoflora at tetrad scale over the 30-40 year
timescale studied. Nevertheless, it is reassuring that a majority of
species have change indexes within 30% above or below zero, and some
common and characteristic species are within 5% of zero change (Calypogeia arguta, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Eurhynchium striatum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Neckera complanata, Thuidium tamariscinum), despite
presence of many gaps in their tetrad ranges which might have shown
changes. Before analysing patterns of increase
or decrease of species in different habitats, it is necessary to consider
possible systematic biases in the methodology of data collection. In
particular, it is necessary to consider the possibility of data being
collected in systematically different ways for Old and Recent records.
This investigation of likely biases is made easier because nearly all of
the Old records were collected by Mrs Paton and a large majority of the
Recent records were collected by the present author (DTH). Since 1993,
days of fieldwork together and many detailed discussions have pointed out
both differences and similarities in the way data was collected during
each period of time. Besides the obvious bryophyte habitats in woodland,
on heathland, on rocky tors, in Sphagnum-rich mires, on sand dunes
and on sea-cliffs, we have both spent large amounts of time examining
metalliferous mine-spoil, quarries, arable fields (especially stubbles),
churchyards, reservoir inundation zones and countless more mundane places
in roadside verges, floristically poor grassland, tarmac edges of lanes
and in car parks. We have both visited most of the localities in the
county already known for rare bryophytes and many of those known for rare
vascular plants, as well as visiting every hectad and making repeated
trips to the Isles of Scilly. The following are thought to be the
more significant differences in
our coverage: (1) Liverworts and hornworts were
expertly recorded by Mrs Paton throughout her fieldwork. Indeed, she was
the British Bryological Society Recorder of Hepatics throughout the period
when she was most active in Cornwall. In contrast, DTH recorded only
mosses in 1993-4, starting to identify liverworts with assistance from Mrs
Paton in 1995. Parts of vc1 in which liverworts were not recorded during
1993-4 were all subsequently revisited to record them, but there is no
doubt that liverworts were less well covered than mosses for several more
years. A tendency for many of the scarcer liverworts to have change
indexes showing decline may result in part from this bias, although marked
increases of some such as Cephaloziella integerrima, Cololejeunea minutissima and Microlejeunea ulicina show it is
far from universal. Overall, excluding rarities, liverworts and hornworts
have mean C = -16.92% (n = 102), so this bias does not have a large
effect. (2) Mrs Paton's fieldwork tended to
focus on moist or wet habitats rich in liverworts. Dry calcareous walls
and concrete received less attention, so mosses such as Grimmia pulvinata, Schistidium apocarpum s. l. and some Pottiaceae tended to
accumulate relatively few records (so they show artificially high change
indexes). The proportion of time spent searching for epiphytes may also
have been less than during the recent fieldwork. (3) Mrs Paton visited a larger
proportion of localities (tetrads) in vc2, working from a home-base in
Truro and later Probus, whereas DTH covered vc1 more intensively from a
base near Camborne. The relative scarcity of recent records of e.g. Porella platyphylla may result
partly from lack of recent recording within parts of its range in
vc2. (4) Mrs Paton was mainly concerned to
accumulate hectad records for the first national bryophyte atlas (Hill et al. 1991-1994). The goal was
therefore to find as many species as possible in each hectad, rather than
to record every locality (or tetrad) fully. Hence some of the commonest
species may have been left unrecorded after the first few sites were
visited in each hectad, perhaps resulting in artificially high change
indexes for some of them (e.g. Kindbergia praelonga 21%, Isothecium myosuroides 27%, Ulota phyllantha 31%, Bryum argenteum 42%, Bryum capillare 52%). However,
mean C for all species with more than 200 Old hectad records was +10.29%
(n = 52), so this bias did not have a large effect
overall. Change indexes were analysed for
species from different habitat types, excluding rarities. Most species
were assigned to a habitat type (distinguished by letters A to M in Table
5) where all or a large proportion of the records in C&S were made
(see species accounts). Species occurring across a wide range of habitats
(e.g. Kindbergia praelonga) or
characteristic of only a peculiar specialised habitat (e.g. Nowellia curvifolia on rotting
wood; Schistidium maritimum on
coastal rocks) were not assigned or analysed. Mean Change indexes were
then calculated using data from all species assigned to the habitat type,
with results as follows: A Soil in arable fields and gardens;
mean C = +30.80%
(after exclusion of Dicranella staphylina, which was
incompletely recorded
among the Old records because it was not named until
1969) B Open coastal cliffs, cliff tops and
slopes (mainly on soil); mean C = -49.46%
(after exclusion of Fossombronia incurva, which was
probably overlooked in
C&S prior to its first record in 1972; it also often occurs
inland) C Coastal sand, mainly on dunes; mean C
= +5.15% D Woodland; mean C =
-12.55% E Epiphytes; mean C =
+53.27% F Base-poor rock; mean C =
-46.78% G Basic masonry (e.g. walls or
concrete); mean C = +115.91% H Acidic mires; mean C =
-38.22% I Basic flushes and mires; mean C =
-60.40% J Aquatic, near-aquatic and
inundation-zone habitats; mean C = -15.78% K Other basic habitats; mean C =
+9.29% L Other acidic habitats; mean C =
+8.36% M Metallophytes associated with old
copper mines; mean C = +78.30%
(but most of the increase was contributed by just three species
showing large
increases: Cephaloziella
integerrima, Bryum
pallescens and Hymenostylium
recurvirostrum). Overall, there appears to have been
little change in the extent of ranges of bryophyte species characteristic
of coastal sand, woodland, aquatic habitats, or of varied assortments of
both basic and acidic habitats. Apparent increases in epiphytic bryophyte
species and especially those of basic masonry are likely to result mainly
from increased recording effort in those habitat types, as discussed under
(2) above. The same may apply to bryophytes of soil in arable fields and
gardens, where small mosses may have been somewhat under-recorded in the
Old records. The apparent increase in metallophytes
is likely to be an artefact resulting from a massive targeted recording
effort with Recent records, with ca 120 disused mine sites in
Cornwall being surveyed in detail with funding from English Nature (e.g.
Holyoak 2000). Furthermore, much of the increase in the mean Change index
for the habitat type is due to large increases shown by just three
species, as noted above. The true picture is likely to have involved
losses rather than gains of populations of most metallophyte bryophytes,
as more metalliferous mine spoil has been shaded by scrub and saplings or
lost to development over the past four decades than has been created or
newly exposed. Losses of bryophytes of mire habitats
(averaging -38.22% for acidic mires, -60.40% for basic mires and flushes)
are certainly genuine. Substantial recording of bryophytes of Sphagnum-rich mires was funded by
English Nature from 1997-2005 (Holyoak, unpublished reports). Of 47 areas
of mire vegetation surveyed in detail, damage was recorded due to recent
drainage (affecting 2 mires from 1999-2003, including a SSSI),
over-grazing or poaching associated with high stocking levels (9 mires),
under-grazing or cessation of grazing (all or part of 8 mires; leading to
development of tall Molinia and
eventually scrub or woodland), nutrient-enrichment (5 mires). Between the
1960s and 1997 mires had also been lost to afforestation with conifers and
creation of reservoirs. The greatest losses of mires appear to have
occurred away from the main heathland areas on Bodmin Moor, especially
affecting small mires and flushes in farmland landscapes overlying
Devonian slates, which included more basic flushes than exist on the
granite of Bodmin Moor. Even the wet heath areas overlying serpentinite on
protected land on the Lizard Peninsula have suffered, largely from
under-grazing or fires. Losses of bryophytes from open coastal
cliffs, cliff tops and slopes, mainly of plants growing on soil, also
appear to be genuine. Several rarities which were not included in
calculation of the mean Change index also appear to have declined in these
habitats (Phascum cuspidatum
var. piliferum, Riccia bifurca, R. nigrella), while decline of Tortula cuneifolia began long
before the 1960s. Even since 1993 there has been a conspicuous increase in
scrub and other tall vegetation on and above coastal cliffs, as a
continuing response to cessation of grazing decades
ago. Finally, the mean Change index implies a considerable decrease has occurred in bryophytes of base-poor rock (-46.78%), mainly granite, a habitat that has been well searched since 1992. Inspection of tetrad maps for some of the declining species (Andreaea rothii, Racomitrium aquaticum, R. fasciculare) shows they have suffered a much greater decline in vc1 and lowland parts of vc2 than on the uplands of Bodmin Moor. However, Bodmin Moor may now have lost its populations of Grimmia ramondii and it apparently lost Ulota hutchinsiae before the 1960s. Also, a sustained long term decline since the nineteenth century is evident throughout Cornwall for a few rupestral species (Grimmia decipiens, G. laevigata). It is tempting to attribute the recent losses of acidophilous rupestral mosses from lowland areas of Cornwall to pollution, possibly air-borne, since little else seems to have changed. Historically, parts of Cornwall undoubtedly suffered serious atmospheric pollution from mine chimneys, but it virtually escaped the sulphur dioxide pollution that affected much of central and eastern England, causing extensive losses of epiphytic lichens (e.g. Hawksworth & Rose 1976, Gilbert 2000) and bryophytes (Bates et al. 1997). There are now concerns that nitrogen-based pollutants are increasing, originating e.g. from fertilisers, dairying and vehicle emissions. Mitchell et al. (2004) demonstrated that increased nitrogen has a detrimental effect on growth of epiphytic bryophytes, but there is little information for saxicolous species (cf. Farmer et al. 1992). Further investigation is needed to assess whether nitrogen or other pollutants is involved in the decline of saxicolous bryophytes in Cornwall.
TABLE 4. Total numbers of different hectad records for Cornwall
and Isles of Scilly in each age class. Taxon
Recent
Old
Very old
1993
1950
1791 -2010 -1992 -1949 Abietinella abietina var. abietina 4 2 3 Acaulon mediterraneum 5 1 1 Acaulon muticum s. l. ADDITIONAL 5 11 6 Acaulon muticum s. str. 10 5 0 Achrophyllum dentatum 1 0 0 Adelanthus decipiens 1 0 0 Aloina aloides s. l. ADDITIONAL 3 52 31 Aloina aloides s. str. 40 3 0 Aloina ambigua 5 0 0 Amblystegium confervoides 0 0 1 Amblystegium radicale 2 1 0 Amblystegium serpens var. salinum 23 12 2 Amblystegium serpens var. serpens 511 223 10 Amphidium mougeotii 8 15 8 Andreaea rothii ADDITIONAL 31 34 19 Andreaea rothii subsp. falcata 7 1 10 Andreaea rothii subsp. rothii 5 1 3 Andreaea rupestris var. rupestris 0 0 1 Aneura mirabilis 0 1 0 Aneura pinguis 91 104 1 Anomobryum julaceum 2 3 2 Anomodon viticulosus 15 38 11 Anthoceros agrestis 5 16 1 Anthoceros punctatus 39 109 7 Antitrichia curtipendula 2 4 4 Aphanorrhegma patens 20 15 0 Archidium alternifolium 143 119 3 Atrichum tenellum 13 4 0 Atrichum undulatum 470 283 4 Aulacomnium androgynum 2 0 1 Aulacomnium palustre 65 68 10 Barbilophozia attenuata 7 15 3 Barbilophozia barbata 1 1 0 Barbilophozia floerkei 1 1 0 Barbula convoluta ADDITIONAL 418 283 3 Barbula convoluta var. convoluta 362 164 0 Barbula convoluta var. sardoa 319 71 0 Barbula unguiculata 454 239 4 Bartramia ithyphylla 0 1 0 Bartramia pomiformis 22 49 14 Bazzania trilobata 9 21 6 Blasia pusilla 15 28 11 Blepharostoma trichophyllum 0 1 2 Blindia acuta 11 9 3 Brachydontium trichodes 3 2 0 Brachytheciastrum velutinum 17 17 7 Brachythecium albicans 146 113 4 Brachythecium glareosum 9 8 1 Brachythecium mildeanum 42 26 6 Brachythecium rivulare 307 237 2 Brachythecium rutabulum 609 341 4 Breutelia chrysocoma 6 28 10 Bruchia vogesiaca 1 0 0 Bryoerythrophyllum ferruginascens 4 0 0 Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum 170 147 3 Bryum algovicum var. rutheanum 13 21 5 Bryum alpinum 57 69 27 Bryum apiculatum 4 0 0 Bryum archangelicum 7 45 10 Bryum argenteum 392 193 7 Bryum bornholmense 45 3 0 Bryum caespiticium 2 4 6 Bryum capillare 585 269 5 Bryum dichotomum 514 254 5 Bryum donianum 108 47 3 Bryum dyffrynense 1 0 0 Bryum gemmiferum 6 1 0 Bryum intermedium 0 1 2 Bryum klinggraeffii 22 14 0 Bryum kunzei 1 0 0 Bryum pallens 43 81 5 Bryum pallescens 19 4 4 Bryum pseudotriquetrum ADDITIONAL 105 93 4 Bryum pseudotriquetrum var. bimum 1 4 3 Bryum pseudotriquetrum var. pseudotriquetrum 5 3 0 Bryum radiculosum 277 74 2 Bryum rubens 317 158 0 Bryum ruderale 136 41 1 Bryum sauteri 62 63 0 Bryum subapiculatum 86 75 1 Bryum tenuisetum 1 4 0 Bryum torquescens 12 2 3 Bryum valparaisense 2 0 0 Bryum violaceum 42 11 0 Calliergon cordifolium 25 28 6 Calliergon giganteum 0 2 0 Calliergonella cuspidata 518 300 4 Calliergonella lindbergii 35 35 11 Calypogeia arguta 298 211 9 Calypogeia fissa 289 262 6 Calypogeia muelleriana 41 59 3 Calypogeia sphagnicola 2 2 0 Calyptrochaeta apiculata 1 1 0 Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus 9 13 7 Campyliadelphus elodes 2 1 1 Campylium protensum 9 7 7 Campylium stellatum 43 67 14 Campylopus atrovirens var. atrovirens 11 21 15 Campylopus brevipilus 23 49 12 Campylopus flexuosus 171 115 8 Campylopus fragilis 130 125 4 Campylopus introflexus 411 67 0 Campylopus pilifer 14 18 8 Campylopus pyriformis 94 73 9 Campylopus subulatus 3 7 0 Cephalozia bicuspidata 251 251 6 Cephalozia catenulata 1 6 0 Cephalozia connivens 26 31 4 Cephalozia leucantha 1 6 0 Cephalozia lunulifolia 11 33 3 Cephalozia macrostachya ADDITIONAL 0 2 0 Cephalozia macrostachya var. macrostachya 1 2 0 Cephalozia pleniceps 0 3 0 Cephaloziella calyculata 5 9 4 Cephaloziella dentata 1 2 1 Cephaloziella divaricata 102 140 5 Cephaloziella hampeana 55 70 4 Cephaloziella integerrima 14 2 0 Cephaloziella massalongi s. l. ADDITIONAL 0 17 4 Cephaloziella massalongi s. str. 23 8 3 Cephaloziella nicholsonii 34 13 3 Cephaloziella spinigera 1 6 1 Cephaloziella stellulifera 90 68 4 Cephaloziella turneri 8 14 1 Ceratodon purpureus 506 305 2 Chiloscyphus pallescens 32 45 5 Chiloscyphus polyanthos s. l. ADDITIONAL 31 2 0 Chiloscyphus polyanthos s. str. 92 115 5 Cinclidotus fontinaloides 20 24 3 Cirriphyllum crassinervium 37 30 8 Cirriphyllum piliferum 88 89 7 Cladopodiella fluitans 7 14 0 Cladopodiella francisci 4 15 5 Climacium dendroides 6 5 2 Cololejeunea minutissima 234 51 8 Colura calyptrifolia 24 5 2 Conardia compacta 1 0 0 Conocephalum conicum s. l. ADDITIONAL 165 212 4 Conocephalum conicum s. str. 54 0 0 Coscinodon cribrosus 5 3 0 Cratoneuron filicinum 315 190 6 Cryphaea heteromalla 391 178 3 Ctendium molluscum 'Woodland Taxon' 23 0 0 Ctenidium molluscum ADDITIONAL 14 85 14 Ctenidium molluscum var. condensatum 2 1 0 Ctenidium molluscum var. molluscum 13 0 0 Cyclodictyon laetevirens 1 0 1 Cynodontium bruntonii 8 19 4 Dendrocryphaea lamyana 7 2 0 Dialytrichia mucronata 9 1 0 Dichodontium flavescens 2 1 0 Dichodontium palustre 3 8 3 Dichodontium pellucidum s. l. ADDITIONAL 16 38 10 Dichodontium pellucidum s. str. 5 0 0 Dicranella cerviculata 0 0 3 Dicranella crispa 1 3 3 Dicranella heteromalla 450 178 3 Dicranella rufescens 54 54 3 Dicranella schreberiana 147 61 4 Dicranella staphylina 252 42 0 Dicranella subulata 8 11 1 Dicranella varia 280 118 6 Dicranodontium denudatum 1 1 0 Dicranoweisia cirrata 113 71 4 Dicranum bonjeanii 13 33 9 Dicranum fuscescens 1 4 1 Dicranum majus 52 92 4 Dicranum scoparium 378 275 8 Dicranum scottianum 10 18 13 Didymodon acutus 12 2 2 Didymodon australasiae s. l. ADDITIONAL 3 0 0 Didymodon australasiae s. str. 5 0 0 Didymodon fallax 117 88 5 Didymodon ferrugineus 21 5 3 Didymodon insulanus 562 244 4 Didymodon luridus 172 48 1 Didymodon nicholsonii 213 4 0 Didymodon rigidulus 399 129 2 Didymodon sinuosus 40 7 1 Didymodon tomaculosus 5 0 0 Didymodon tophaceus 290 161 3 Didymodon umbrosus 4 0 0 Didymodon vinealis 94 18 4 Diphyscium foliosum 28 46 12 Diplophyllum albicans 296 279 4 Diplophyllum obtusifolium 4 12 0 Discelium nudum 1 4 0 Distichium capillaceum 2 0 0 Distichium inclinatum 2 0 0 Ditrichum cornubicum 3 3 0 Ditrichum flexicaule s. l. ADDITIONAL 0 15 8 Ditrichum gracile 14 2 0 Ditrichum heteromallum 37 58 10 Ditrichum lineare 2 0 0 Ditrichum plumbicola 1 0 0 Ditrichum pusillum 1 0 0 Ditrichum subulatum 5 20 5 Douinia ovata 3 5 2 Drepanocladus aduncus 43 38 11 Drepanocladus polygamus 8 5 1 Drepanocladus sendtneri 2 10 7 Drepanolejeunea hamatifolia 1 1 0 Dumortiera hirsuta 5 4 0 Encalypta streptocarpa 15 20 8 Encalypta vulgaris 1 2 0 Entosthodon attenuatus 17 28 16 Entosthodon fascicularis 22 53 11 Entosthodon muhlenbergii s. l. ADDITIONAL 0 1 2 Entosthodon obtusus 52 56 20 Entosthodon pulchellus 0 1 0 Ephemerum minutissimum 56 18 0 Ephemerum serratum s. l. 21 5 2 Ephemerum serratum s. str. 21 21 0 Ephemerum sessile 9 5 1 Epipterygium tozeri 181 146 4 Eucladium verticillatum 28 46 14 Eurhynchium striatum 337 234 4 Fissidens adianthoides 73 79 10 Fissidens bryoides var. bryoides 453 290 4 Fissidens bryoides var. caespitans 151 86 9 Fissidens celticus 52 49 0 Fissidens crassipes 5 17 1 Fissidens crispus 42 18 1 Fissidens curvatus 1 9 0 Fissidens dubius 80 83 5 Fissidens exilis 30 26 2 Fissidens fontanus 4 0 0 Fissidens incurvus 42 53 0 Fissidens monguillonii 3 0 0 Fissidens osmundoides 4 13 3 Fissidens polyphyllus 10 18 11 Fissidens pusillus 28 15 0 Fissidens rivularis 7 6 0 Fissidens serrulatus 1 1 1 Fissidens taxifolius cf. var. pallidicaulis 1 0 0 Fissidens taxifolius var. taxifolius 386 229 4 Fissidens viridulus s. l. ADDITIONAL 7 163 4 Fissidens viridulus s. str. 123 9 0 Fontinalis antipyretica var. antipyretica 72 80 16 Fontinalis antipyretica var. gracilis 6 3 1 Fontinalis squamosa ADDITIONAL 52 53 13 Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii 3 4 1 Fontinalis squamosa var. squamosa 3 2 1 Fossombronia angulosa 13 26 17 Fossombronia caespitiformis ADDITIONAL 16 11 3 Fossombronia caespitiformis subsp. multispira 8 0 0 Fossombronia foveolata 2 3 1 Fossombronia husnotii 19 40 3 Fossombronia incurva 18 8 0 Fossombronia maritima 12 23 2 Fossombronia pusilla s. l. ADDITIONAL 0 116 4 Fossombronia pusilla s. str. 79 3 0 Fossombronia wondraczekii 32 48 3 Frullania dilatata 539 342 5 Frullania fragilifolia 15 21 13 Frullania microphylla var. microphylla 19 42 11 Frullania tamarisci 185 248 15 Frullania teneriffae 3 17 4 Funaria hygrometrica 257 206 3 Glyphomitrium daviesii 0 0 1 Gongylanthus ericetorum 8 8 1 Grimmia crinita 1 0 0 Grimmia decipiens 1 1 10 Grimmia hartmanii 3 0 0 Grimmia laevigata 1 2 4 Grimmia lisae 30 10 8 Grimmia orbicularis 7 0 0 Grimmia pulvinata 299 138 4 Grimmia ramondii 0 5 3 Grimmia trichophylla s. l. ADDITIONAL 218 135 11 Grimmia trichophylla s. str. 58 2 2 Gymnocolea inflata 96 85 6 Gymnomitrion concinnatum 0 1 0 Gymnomitrion obtusum 0 1 0 Gymnostomum aeruginosum 4 0 2 Gymnostomum calcareum s. l. ADDITIONAL 0 2 0 Gymnostomum viridulum 28 9 1 Gyroweisia tenuis 47 12 0 Haplomitrium hookeri 0 1 3 Harpalejeunea molleri 1 2 1 Harpanthus scutatus 0 1 0 Hedwigia ciliata s. l. ADDITIONAL 8 57 19 Hedwigia stellata 42 0 0 Hennediella heimii 14 39 10 Hennediella stanfordensis 3 12 0 Heterocladium heteropterum s. l. ADDITIONAL 3 90 16 Heterocladium heteropterum var. flaccidum 24 25 2 Heterocladium heteropterum var. heteropterum 58 3 0 Heterocladium wulfsbergii 16 2 3 Homalia trichomanoides 102 109 6 Homalothecium lutescens 43 33 8 Homalothecium sericeum 396 244 4 Hookeria lucens 219 174 5 Hygroamblystegium fluviatile 11 45 4 Hygroamblystegium tenax 14 7 4 Hygroamblystegium varium 1 0 0 Hygrohypnum luridum 4 0 0 Hygrohypnum ochraceum 62 50 13 Hylocomium splendens 90 104 14 Hymenostylium recurvirostrum var. recurvirostrum 21 9 0 Hyocomium armoricum 50 44 9 Hypnum andoi 440 122 2 Hypnum cupressiforme s. l. ADDITIONAL 8 58 13 Hypnum cupressiforme var. cupressiforme 216 7 1 Hypnum cupressiforme var. lacunosum 260 161 4 Hypnum cupressiforme var. resupinatum 583 309 2 Hypnum jutlandicum 363 254 5 Isothecium alopecuroides 140 120 3 Isothecium holtii 8 8 0 Isothecium myosuroides var. myosuroides 495 271 4 Jamesoniella autumnalis 0 1 0 Jamesoniella undulifolia 5 4 1 Jubula hutchinsiae 4 3 2 Jungermannia atrovirens 0 3 3 Jungermannia pumila 3 21 1 Kindbergia praelonga 647 374 9 Kurzia pauciflora s. l. ADDITIONAL 3 21 6 Kurzia pauciflora s. str. 22 27 4 Kurzia sylvatica 13 18 0 Kurzia trichoclados 2 3 0 Leiocolea badensis 0 2 1 Leiocolea turbinata 6 29 6 Lejeunea cavifolia 61 67 0 Lejeunea lamacerina 248 222 1 Lejeunea mandonii 4 4 2 Lejeunea patens 6 1 0 Lepidozia cupressina 7 6 2 Lepidozia reptans 57 76 11 Leptobarbula berica 3 1 0 Leptobryum pyriforme 20 23 9 Leptodictyum riparium 89 50 6 Leptodon smithii 7 4 15 Leptodontium flexifolium 1 6 3 Leptodontium gemmascens 1 0 0 Leptophascum leptophyllum 7 2 0 Leptotheca gaudichaudii 2 0 0 Leskea polycarpa 32 31 4 Leucobryum glaucum s. l. ADDITIONAL 7 74 10 Leucobryum glaucum s. str. 41 6 0 Leucobryum juniperoideum 25 6 0 Leucodon sciuroides var. morensis 4 0 0 Leucodon sciuroides var. sciuroides 10 10 9 Loeskeobryum brevirostre 35 30 12 Lophocolea bidentata 521 314 7 Lophocolea bispinosa 43 7 0 Lophocolea fragrans 14 9 1 Lophocolea heterophylla 216 170 2 Lophocolea semiteres 24 7 0 Lophozia bicrenata 39 37 1 Lophozia excisa 32 55 2 Lophozia incisa 33 26 0 Lophozia sudetica 5 3 2 Lophozia ventricosa 95 84 7 Lunularia cruciata 354 209 3 Marchantia polymorpha ADDITIONAL 2 10 8 Marchantia polymorpha subsp. polymorpha 2 3 0 Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis 14 6 0 Marchesinia mackaii 8 17 8 Marsupella emarginata var. emarginata 66 65 8 Marsupella funckii 1 3 2 Marsupella profunda 18 3 0 Marsupella sprucei 24 5 0 Metzgeria conjugata 5 15 2 Metzgeria consanguinea 251 46 2 Metzgeria fruticulosa s. l. 1 217 4 Metzgeria furcata 510 322 6 Metzgeria violacea 313 42 1 Microbryum curvicollum 0 1 0 Microbryum davallianum 27 36 6 Microbryum floerkeanum 1 0 0 Microbryum rectum 48 47 13 Microbryum starckeanum 13 29 3 Microlejeunea ulicina 257 167 3 Mnium hornum 505 323 6 Mnium marginatum var. marginatum 0 0 1 Moerckia flotoviana 0 0 2 Mylia anomala 21 12 2 Mylia taylorii 0 1 0 Nardia compressa 2 5 1 Nardia scalaris 131 157 4 Neckera complanata 267 192 3 Neckera crispa 0 1 4 Neckera pumila 206 164 2 Nowellia curvifolia 18 15 0 Odontoschisma denudatum 6 6 0 Odontoschisma sphagni 37 26 7 Oligotrichum hercynicum 14 8 3 Orthodontium lineare 22 9 0 Orthotrichum affine 374 137 3 Orthotrichum anomalum 115 57 5 Orthotrichum cupulatum 25 2 0 Orthotrichum diaphanum 355 128 5 Orthotrichum lyellii 24 21 3 Orthotrichum pulchellum 225 93 10 Orthotrichum rivulare 24 14 3 Orthotrichum rupestre 1 1 0 Orthotrichum sprucei 6 3 0 Orthotrichum striatum 34 51 6 Orthotrichum tenellum 65 24 3 Oxyrrhynchium hians 397 202 5 Oxyrrhynchium pumilum 329 192 2 Oxyrrhynchium speciosum 27 32 7 Palustriella commutata 3 2 6 Palustriella falcata 0 2 2 Pellia endiviifolia 151 182 3 Pellia epiphylla 284 239 2 Pellia neesiana 40 59 2 Petalophyllum ralfsii 8 4 10 Phaeoceros carolinianus 0 1 0 Phaeoceros laevis s. l. ADDITIONAL 1 25 7 Phaeoceros laevis s. str. 79 105 0 Phascum cuspidatum ADDITIONAL 121 94 6 Phascum cuspidatum var. cuspidatum 39 0 0 Phascum cuspidatum var. papillosum 30 0 0 Phascum cuspidatum var. piliferum 2 9 1 Philonotis arnellii 9 9 1 Philonotis caespitosa 6 19 7 Philonotis calcarea 0 1 1 Philonotis fontana 95 105 5 Philonotis rigida 3 7 6 Physcomitrium pyriforme 58 78 16 Plagiochila asplenioides 83 111 4 Plagiochila bifaria 13 14 6 Plagiochila porelloides 114 120 2 Plagiochila punctata 8 20 6 Plagiochila spinulosa s. l. ADDITIONAL 1 40 9 Plagiochila spinulosa s. str. 19 5 1 Plagiomnium affine 51 31 1 Plagiomnium cuspidatum 1 6 6 Plagiomnium ellipticum 1 1 0 Plagiomnium rostratum 0 7 2 Plagiomnium undulatum 378 228 3 Plagiopus oederianus 0 0 1 Plagiothecium cavifolium 2 0 0 Plagiothecium curvifolium 1 0 0 Plagiothecium denticulatum var. denticulatum 120 85 5 Plagiothecium denticulatum var. obtusifolium 2 1 2 Plagiothecium latebricola 2 1 0 Plagiothecium nemorale 263 177 5 Plagiothecium succulentum 280 178 3 Plagiothecium undulatum 54 63 14 Platyhypnidium lusitanicum 14 20 2 Platyhypnidium riparioides 267 222 3 Pleuridium acuminatum 151 130 7 Pleuridium subulatum 49 44 5 Pleurochaete squarrosa 24 29 6 Pleurozium schreberi 90 102 3 Pogonatum aloides 227 250 6 Pogonatum aloides var. minimum 11 1 2 Pogonatum nanum 14 22 9 Pogonatum urnigerum 85 86 12 Pohlia andalusica 41 7 0 Pohlia annotina s. l. 0 132 0 Pohlia annotina s. str. 196 22 3 Pohlia bulbifera 3 5 0 Pohlia camptotrachela 29 15 0 Pohlia drummondii 9 10 0 Pohlia elongata var. elongata 0 1 0 Pohlia filum 6 0 0 Pohlia flexuosa 9 1 0 Pohlia lescuriana 5 0 0 Pohlia lutescens 36 11 0 Pohlia melanodon 129 157 5 Pohlia nutans 116 117 4 Pohlia wahlenbergii var. calcarea 1 2 4 Pohlia wahlenbergii var. wahlenbergii 71 114 3 Polytrichastrum alpinum 2 2 2 Polytrichastrum formosum 303 177 4 Polytrichastrum longisetum 1 0 3 Polytrichum commune var. commune 108 79 7 Polytrichum commune var. humile 1 2 0 Polytrichum commune var. perigoniale 3 0 0 Polytrichum juniperinum 310 199 6 Polytrichum piliferum 151 120 5 Polytrichum strictum 15 10 0 Porella arboris-vitae 9 14 4 Porella cordaeana 0 1 0 Porella obtusata 8 19 15 Porella pinnata 6 8 0 Porella platyphylla 3 20 6 Pottiopsis caespitosa 0 1 1 Pseudephemerum nitidum 140 113 6 Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides 3 6 2 Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum 222 61 4 Pseudocrossidium revolutum 51 50 10 Pseudoscleropodium purum 436 290 11 Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans 328 209 4 Pterogonium gracile 12 20 10 Ptilidium ciliare 10 5 1 Ptychomitrium polyphyllum 101 128 5 Racomitrium aciculare 91 90 3 Racomitrium aquaticum 10 41 9 Racomitrium canescens s. l. ADDITIONAL 0 50 21 Racomitrium elongatum 0 1 0 Racomitrium ericoides 33 4 1 Racomitrium fasciculare 28 52 19 Racomitrium heterostichum s. l. ADDITIONAL 8 81 9 Racomitrium heterostichum s. str. 126 4 3 Racomitrium lanuginosum 65 89 13 Radula complanata s. l. ADDITIONAL 25 0 0 Radula complanata s. str. 102 119 5 Radula lindenbergiana 10 11 3 Reboulia hemisphaerica 1 7 6 Rhabdoweisia crispata 2 5 2 Rhabdoweisia fugax 3 14 3 Rhizomnium punctatum 256 203 4 Rhodobryum roseum 0 5 10 Rhynchostegiella curviseta 0 1 0 Rhynchostegiella litorea 1 0 0 Rhynchostegiella tenella 246 147 4 Rhynchostegiella teneriffae 2 5 1 Rhynchostegium confertum 531 249 4 Rhynchostegium megapolitanum 32 58 7 Rhynchostegium murale 15 3 3 Rhytidiadelphus loreus 120 100 8 Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus 494 249 9 Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus 172 129 5 Riccardia chamedryfolia 71 105 4 Riccardia incurvata 1 3 0 Riccardia latifrons 10 20 0 Riccardia multifida 26 54 10 Riccardia palmata 3 0 0 Riccia beyrichiana 11 24 9 Riccia bifurca 4 7 0 Riccia cavernosa 1 1 0 Riccia crozalsii 21 69 3 Riccia crystallina 18 7 1 Riccia glauca 44 92 3 Riccia huebeneriana 0 1 0 Riccia nigrella 6 9 2 Riccia rhenana 1 0 0 Riccia sorocarpa 80 114 3 Riccia subbifurca 52 16 0 Saccogyna viticulosa 68 142 5 Sanionia uncinata 15 26 12 Sarmentypnum exannulatum 34 47 15 Sarmentypnum sarmentosum 3 6 15 Scapania compacta 137 171 4 Scapania curta 1 1 0 Scapania gracilis 59 61 8 Scapania irrigua 65 61 8 Scapania nemorea 44 52 12 Scapania paludicola 0 1 0 Scapania scandica 4 9 0 Scapania subalpina 0 2 0 Scapania umbrosa 1 4 0 Scapania undulata 103 114 11 Schistidium apocarpum s. l. ADDITIONAL 172 122 3 Schistidium apocarpum s. str. 26 0 0 Schistidium crassipilum 193 1 1 Schistidium maritimum 82 104 19 Schistidium rivulare 11 9 3 Schistostega pennata 56 55 19 Sciuro-hypnum plumosum 163 147 2 Sciuro-hypnum populeum 216 106 3 Scleropodium cespitans 27 10 1 Scleropodium touretii 109 103 14 Scopelophila cataractae 13 0 0 Scorpidium cossonii 2 1 0 Scorpidium revolvens s. l. ADDITIONAL 0 10 12 Scorpidium revolvens s. str. 3 2 1 Scorpidium scorpioides 6 12 15 Scorpiurium circinatum 41 41 12 Sematophyllum substrumulosum 14 0 0 Solenostoma caespiticium 0 1 0 Solenostoma gracillimum 166 154 4 Solenostoma hyalinum 5 22 2 Solenostoma subellipticum 0 1 0 Southbya tophacea 2 4 1 Sphaerocarpos michelii 8 4 0 Sphaerocarpos sp. 6 2 0 Sphaerocarpos texanus 8 5 0 Sphagnum capillifolium 39 35 21 Sphagnum compactum 18 29 6 Sphagnum cuspidatum 39 35 10 Sphagnum denticulatum s. l. ADDITIONAL 1 7 0 Sphagnum denticulatum s. str. 117 109 6 Sphagnum fallax 42 3 2 Sphagnum fimbriatum 17 24 5 Sphagnum flexuosum 0 0 1 Sphagnum inundatum 27 54 12 Sphagnum magellanicum 1 1 0 Sphagnum molle 0 1 0 Sphagnum palustre var. palustre 49 54 13 Sphagnum papillosum 48 53 11 Sphagnum quinquefarium 2 8 1 Sphagnum recurvum s. l. ADDITIONAL 0 36 5 Sphagnum squarrosum 11 19 6 Sphagnum subnitens var. subnitens 77 93 9 Sphagnum tenellum 34 38 10 Splachnum ampullaceum 0 14 5 Straminergon stramineum 22 30 8 Syntrichia laevipila 118 79 12 Syntrichia latifolia 16 12 1 Syntrichia montana 119 43 5 Syntrichia papillosa 14 4 3 Syntrichia ruralis var. ruraliformis 52 40 10 Syntrichia ruralis var. ruralis 45 22 6 Targionia hypophylla 1 1 1 Telaranea europaea 1 1 1 Telaranea murphyae 2 1 0 Tetraphis pellucida 24 34 11 Thamnobryum alopecurum 330 193 5 Thuidium delicatulum 20 21 0 Thuidium tamariscinum 400 273 4 Tortella flavovirens 136 92 7 Tortella nitida 55 37 13 Tortella tortuosa 5 9 1 Tortula atrovirens 27 39 14 Tortula canescens 5 17 1 Tortula cuneifolia 3 4 11 Tortula lanceola 1 2 2 Tortula marginata 2 1 0 Tortula modica 9 4 8 Tortula muralis 539 277 4 Tortula protobryoides 1 0 0 Tortula solmsii 6 5 0 Tortula subulata 0 0 3 Tortula truncata 390 225 3 Tortula viridifolia 61 81 28 Tortula wilsonii 7 22 13 Trichocolea tomentella 13 26 6 Trichodon cylindricus 263 93 1 Trichostomum brachydontium 245 205 16 Trichostomum crispulum 63 52 8 Trichostomum tenuirostre 15 14 2 Tritomaria exsectiformis 8 11 1 Tritomaria quinquedentata 1 0 0 Ulota bruchii 374 210 1 Ulota calvescens 2 0 0 Ulota crispa s. l. ADDITIONAL 66 36 6 Ulota crispa s. str. 196 160 5 Ulota hutchinsiae 0 0 3 Ulota phyllantha 503 267 5 Warnstorfia fluitans 8 35 13 Weissia brachycarpa var. brachycarpa 6 7 0 Weissia brachycarpa var. obliqua 50 42 5 Weissia controversa var. controversa 240 208 4 Weissia controversa var. crispata 1 1 0 Weissia controversa var. densifolia 32 25 6 Weissia longifolia var. angustifolia 2 2 0 Weissia longifolia var. longifolia 2 8 0 Weissia multicapsularis 4 12 0 Weissia perssonii 25 25 1 Weissia rutilans 9 44 3 Zygodon conoideus var. conoideus 235 61 5 Zygodon rupestris 3 8 0 Zygodon viridissimus var. stirtonii 109 42 2 Zygodon viridissimus var. viridissimus 411 214 3 TOTALS (overall
total 85,060)
48,532
33,943 2585 TABLE 5. Change indexes for bryophytes of Cornwall and Isles of
Scilly (see text). Rare taxa (fewer than 10 Recent and Old records) are
listed in the lower part of the table. Taxa are given in ascending order of
Change index, then descending order of count of Old records. Change
indexes marked † are thought to be misleading because of differences in
recording activity (see species accounts). The habitat code letters
following the taxon name correspond to the groups of species discussed in
the text. Taxon name Habitat code
Recent
Old
Change
Change index
index
(rare taxa) Splachnum
ampullaceum
0
14
-100.00 Jungermannia
pumila L
3
21
-90.01
Porella
platyphylla
K
3
20
-89.51†
Bryum
archangelicum
K
7
45
-89.12
Frullania
teneriffae F
3
17
-87.66
Drepanocladus
sendtneri
I
2
10
-86.01
Weissia
rutilans
9
44
-85.69
Leiocolea
turbinata
K
6
29
-85.53
Breutelia
chrysocoma
I
6
28
-85.01
Rhabdoweisia
fugax F
3
14
-85.01
Solenostoma
hyalinum L
5
22
-84.10
Warnstorfia
fluitans H
8
35
-84.01
Racomitrium
aquaticum
F
10
41
-82.94
Hygroamblystegium fluviatile J
11
45
-82.90
Ditrichum
subulatum
L
5
20
-82.52†
Hennediella
stanfordensis
3
12
-82.52†
Cladopodiella
francisci
L
4
15
-81.35
Fissidens
crassipes
J
5
17
-79.43
Tortula
canescens
B
5
17
-79.43
Riccia
crozalsii B
21
69
-78.71
Fissidens
osmundoides
K
4
13
-78.48
Anthoceros
agrestis
A
5
16
-78.14
Philonotis
caespitosa
I
6
19
-77.91
Tortula
wilsonii
B
7
22
-77.75
Diplophyllum
obtusifolium
L
4
12
-76.69
Weissia
multicapsularis
4
12
-76.69
Cephalozia
lunulifolia
L
11
33
-76.69
Metzgeria
conjugata
F
5
15
-76.69
Anthoceros
punctatus
A
39
109
-74.98
Hennediella
heimii
14
39
-74.89†
Scorpidium
revolvens s. l. ALL DATA I
5
13
-73.10
Dicranum
bonjeanii
I
13
33
-72.45
Anomodon
viticulosus
G
15
38
-72.39
Plagiochila
punctata
F
8
20
-72.02
Entosthodon
fascicularis
A
22
53
-70.97
Cynodontium
bruntonii
F
8
19
-70.55
Porella
obtusata
K
8
19
-70.55 Bazzania
trilobata L
9
21
-70.03
Microbryum
starckeanum
B
13
29
-68.65
Bartramia
pomiformis
L
22
49
-68.60
Frullania
microphylla var. microphylla
F
19
42
-68.36
Riccia
beyrichiana
11
24
-67.94
Barbilophozia
attenuata
F
7
15
-67.36
Campylopus
brevipilus
L
23
49
-67.17
Marchesinia
mackaii
K
8
17
-67.09
Riccia
glauca A
44
92
-66.55
Saccogyna
viticulosa
L
68
142
-66.51
Riccardia
multifida
H
26
54
-66.33
Sphagnum
inundatum
H
27
54
-65.03
Fossombronia
angulosa
B
13
26
-65.03
Trichocolea
tomentella
D
13
26
-65.03
Riccardia
latifrons
H
10
20
-65.03
Cladopodiella
fluitans
H
7
14
-65.03
Scorpidium
scorpioides I
6
12
-65.03
Campylopus
atrovirens var. atrovirens
H
11
21
-63.36
Bryum
pallens
K
43
81
-62.87
Amphidium
mougeotii
K
8
15
-62.70
Blasia
pusilla
L
15
28
-62.53
Racomitrium
fasciculare
F
28
52
-62.34
Rhynchostegium megapolitanum C
32
58
-61.41
Dicranum
scottianum
F
10
18
-61.14
Fissidens
polyphyllus
J
10
18
-61.14
Plagiochila
spinulosa s. l. ALL DATA F
33
59
-60.88
Dicranum
majus D
52
92
-60.47
Cephaloziella
turneri
L
8
14
-60.03
Sanionia
uncinata
15
26
-59.65
Sphagnum
squarrosum
H
11
19
-59.51
Lophozia
excisa L
32
55
-59.31
Dichodontium
pellucidum s. l. ALL DATA
23
39
-58.75
Racomitrium
canescens s. l. ALL DATA L
33
55
-58.04
Pterogonium
gracile
12
20
-58.04
Ctenidium
molluscum ALL DATA
52
86
-57.71
Entosthodon
attenuatus
17
28
-57.54
Diphyscium
foliosum
L
28
46
-57.43
Eucladium
verticillatum
K
28
46
-57.43
Phaeoceros
laevis s. l. ALL DATA
80
131
-57.29
Bryum
algovicum var. rutheanum
C
13
21
-56.70
Sphagnum
compactum
H
18
29
-56.59
Pohlia
wahlenbergii var. wahlenbergii
71
114
-56.44
Pogonatum
nanum L
14
22
-55.49
Ditrichum
heteromallum
L
37
58
-55.38
Fossombronia
pusilla s. l. ALL DATA L
91
142
-55.18
Campylium
stellatum
I
43
67
-55.11
Porella
arboris-vitae
K
9
14
-55.04
Orthotrichum
striatum
E
34
51
-53.37
Fossombronia
wondraczekii L
32
48
-53.37
Riccardia
chamedryfolia
71
105
-52.71
Pellia
neesiana
H
40
59
-52.58
Tortula
atrovirens
B
27
39
-51.58
Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus C
9
13
-51.58
Calypogeia
muelleriana
L
41
59
-51.40
Platyhypnidium lusitanicum J
14
20
-51.04
Riccia
sorocarpa
80
114
-50.92
Tetraphis
pellucida L
24
34
-50.63
Sphagnum
fimbriatum
H
17
24
-50.46
Chiloscyphus
pallescens I
32
45
-50.26
Frullania
fragilifolia
F
15
21
-50.04
Kurzia sylvatica
L
13
18
-49.49
Sarmentypnum
exannulatum
H
34
47
-49.41
Dicranella
subulata L
8
11
-49.13
Tritomaria
exsectiformis
L
8
11
-49.13
Cephaloziella
divaricata
L
102
140
-49.04
Racomitrium
lanuginosum
L
65
89
-48.92
Straminergon
stramineum
H
22
30
-48.71
Physcomitrium
pyriforme
58
78
-47.99
Frullania
tamarisci
L
185
248
-47.83
Plagiochila
asplenioides
L
83
111
-47.70
Lepidozia
reptans
L
57
76
-47.55
Encalypta
streptocarpa
G
15
20
-47.55
Microbryum
davallianum
K
27
36
-47.55
Tortula
viridifolia B
61
81
-47.33
Campylopus
pilifer
B
14
18
-45.60
Cephaloziella
hampeana
55
70
-45.05
Schistidium
maritimum
82
104
-44.86
Ptychomitrium
polyphyllum
F
101
128
-44.81
Fissidens
incurvus
K
42
53
-44.58
Chiloscyphus
polyanthos s. str.
J
92
115
-44.05
Scapania
compacta L
137
171
-43.97
Heterocladium
heteropterum s. l. ALL DATA F 77
95
-43.31
Kurzia
pauciflora s. str.
H
22
27
-43.01
Pohlia
melanodon
K
129
157
-42.53
Ditrichum
flexicaule s. l. ALL DATA C
14
17
-42.40
Bryum
alpinum
57
69
-42.22
Pleurochaete
squarrosa
C
24
29
-42.12
Sphagnum
subnitens var. subnitens
H
77
93
-42.09
Pellia
endiviifolia
I
151
182
-41.97
Cinclidotus
fontinaloides
J
20
24
-41.72
Nardia
scalaris
L
131
157
-41.64
Cephalozia
connivens
H
26
31
-41.34
Fossombronia
caespitiformis & husnotii ALL B 43
51
-41.03
Oxyrrhynchium
speciosum
27
32
-40.99
Scapania
nemorea
L
44
52
-40.82
Leucobryum
glaucum s. l. ALL DATA L
73
86
-40.63
Plagiothecium
undulatum
D
54
63
-40.05
Hylocomium
splendens
L
90
104
-39.48
Leptobryum
pyriforme
20
23
-39.18
Aloina
aloides s. l. ALL DATA K
48
55
-38.96
Aneura
pinguis
91
104
-38.80
Hedwigia
ciliata s. l. ALL DATA F
50
57
-38.65
Pleurozium
schreberi
L
90
102
-38.29
Calliergon
cordifolium
L
25
28
-37.55
Sphagnum
tenellum
H
34
38
-37.42
Fontinalis
antipyretica var. antipyretica J
72
80
-37.05
Scapania
undulata J
103
114
-36.81
Philonotis
fontana
I
95
105
-36.72
Sphagnum
papillosum
H
48
53
-36.66
Sphagnum
palustre var. palustre
H
49
54
-36.54
Pogonatum
aloides
L
227
250
-36.49
Radula
lindenbergiana
K
10
11
-36.42
Lejeunea
cavifolia
K
61
67
-36.32
Fissidens
adianthoides
K
73
79
-35.37
Entosthodon
obtusus
B
52
56
-35.06
Homalia
trichomanoides
102
109
-34.55
Marchantia
polymorpha ALL DATA
18
19
-33.74
Plagiochila
porelloides
L
114
120
-33.56
Thuidium
delicatulum
L
20
21
-33.39
Aulacomnium
palustre
H
65
68
-33.15
Heterocladium
heteropterum var. flaccidum
K
24
25
-32.86
Fissidens
dubius K
80
83
-32.59
Scapania
gracilis
F
59
61
-32.35
Fissidens
viridulus s. l. ALL DATA K
200
205
-31.77
Fontinalis
squamosa ALL DATA
J
58
59
-31.25
Bryum
sauteri
62
63
-31.17
Pogonatum
urnigerum
L
85
86
-30.87
Cirriphyllum
piliferum D
88
89
-30.85
Pohlia
nutans L
116
117
-30.66
Cephalozia
bicuspidata
L
251
251
-30.06
Scorpiurium
circinatum
C
41
41
-30.06
Calliergonella lindbergii L
35
35
-30.06
Leucodon
sciuroides var. sciuroides
E
10
10
-30.06
Weissia
perssonii
B
25
25
-30.06
Ephemerum
serratum s. str.
21
21
-30.06
Dicranella
rufescens
L
54
54
-30.06
Brachytheciastrum velutinum K
17
17
-30.06
Racomitrium
aciculare
J
91
90
-29.28
Marsupella
emarginata var. emarginata
F
66
65
-28.98
Schistostega
pennata
L
56
55
-28.79
Pseudocrossidium revolutum G
51
50
-28.66
Microbryum
rectum B
48
47
-28.57
Leskea
polycarpa
J
32
31
-27.80
Conocephalum
conicum s. l. ALL DATA L
219
212
-27.75
Campylopus
fragilis
L
130
125
-27.26
Radula
complanata s. l. ALL DATA E
137
130
-26.29
Lophozia
bicrenata
L
39
37
-26.28
Scleropodium
touretii
B
109
103
-25.99
Diplophyllum
albicans
L
296
279
-25.80
Fissidens
celticus
L
52
49
-25.78
Scapania
irrigua
65
61
-25.47
Trichostomum
tenuirostre
J
15
14
-25.06
Sphagnum
denticulatum s. str.
H
117
109
-24.93
Solenostoma
gracillimum
M
166
154
-24.61
Calypogeia
fissa L
289
262
-22.85
Sciuro-hypnum
plumosum
J
163
147
-22.45
Bryum
pseudotriquetrum ALL DATA
111
100
-22.37
Pleuridium
subulatum
49
44
-22.11
Sphagnum
capillifolium
H
39
35
-22.07
Sphagnum
cuspidatum
H
39
35
-22.07
Lejeunea
lamacerina
L
248
222
-21.87
Gymnocolea
inflata
M
96
85
-21.01
Lophozia
ventricosa L
95
84
-20.90
Drepanocladus
aduncus
I
43
38
-20.86
Hyocomium
armoricum
J
50
44
-20.52
Orthotrichum
lyellii
E
24
21
-20.07
Bryum
subapiculatum
L
86
75
-19.80
Weissia
controversa var. controversa
240
208
-19.30
Fissidens
exilis
30
26
-19.30
Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum G
170
147
-19.12
Pleuridium
acuminatum
151
130
-18.76
Isothecium
alopecuroides
D
140
120
-18.40
Loeskeobryum
brevirostre
D
35
30
-18.40
Acaulon
muticum s. l. ALL DATA B
20
17
-17.72
Pellia
epiphylla
L
284
239
-16.89
Weissia
brachycarpa var. obliqua
K
50
42
-16.74
Andreaea
rothii ALL DATA
F
43
36
-16.46
Trichostomum
brachydontium
K
245
205
-16.41
Rhytidiadelphus loreus L
120
100
-16.07
Sphagnum
recurvum s. l. ALL DATA H
42
35
-16.07
Nowellia
curvifolia
18
15
-16.07
Archidium
alternifolium
L
143
119
-15.95
Platyhypnidium riparioides J
267
222
-15.88
Trichostomum
crispulum
K
63
52
-15.27
Blindia
acuta
11
9
-14.52
Schistidium
rivulare
J
11
9
-14.52
Ulota crispa
s. str.
E
196
160
-14.32
Cirriphyllum
crassinervium
K
37
30
-13.74
Epipterygium
tozeri
181
146
-13.29
Hygrohypnum
ochraceum
J
62
50
-13.27
Funaria
hygrometrica
257
206
-12.74
Neckera
pumila E
206
164
-12.15
Polytrichum
piliferum
L
151
120
-11.99
Hookeria
lucens D
219
174
-11.97
Rhizomnium
punctatum
256
203
-11.80
Lophozia
incisa H
33
26
-11.23
Lophocolea
heterophylla L
216
170
-11.14
Weissia
controversa var. densifolia
M
32
25
-10.48
Campylopus
pyriformis
L
94
73
-9.94
Brachythecium
albicans
L
146
113
-9.64
Brachythecium
rivulare
307
237
-9.40
Syntrichia
ruralis var. ruraliformis C
52
40
-9.08
Homalothecium
lutescens
C
43
33
-8.87
Cephaloziella
stellulifera
M
90
68
-7.43
Didymodon
fallax K
117
88
-7.01
Aphanorrhegma
patens
20
15
-6.75
Syntrichia
latifolia
J
16
12
-6.75
Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus D
172
129
-6.75
Polytrichum
commune var. commune
H
108
79
-4.39
Dicranum
scoparium
378
275
-3.86
Neckera
complanata
267
192
-2.74
Plagiothecium
denticulatum var. denticulatum L
120
85
-1.26
Calypogeia
arguta L
298
211
-1.22
Odontoschisma
sphagni
H
37
26
-0.47
Hypnum
jutlandicum L
363
254
-0.05
Eurhynchium
striatum
D
337
234
0.73
Thuidium
tamariscinum
D
400
273
2.48
Tortella
flavovirens
K
136
92
3.39
Plagiothecium
nemorale
263
177
3.92
Tortella
nitida G
55
37
3.96
Campylopus
flexuosus
L
171
115
4.00
Syntrichia
laevipila
E
118
79
4.47
Polytrichum
strictum
H
15
10
4.91
Cephaloziella
massalongi s. l. ALL DATA M 57
38
4.91
Pseudoscleropodium purum
436
290
5.15
Microlejeunea
ulicina
E
257
167
7.63
Lophocolea
fragrans
14
9
8.80
Polytrichum
juniperinum
L
310
199
8.95
Fissidens
bryoides var. bryoides
453
290
9.25
Mnium
hornum D
505
323
9.35
Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans L
328
209
9.76
Bryum
klinggraeffii
A
22
14
9.91
Plagiothecium
succulentum
D
280
178
10.02
Frullania
dilatata
539
342
10.23
Racomitrium
heterostichum s. l. ALL DATA F 134
85
10.26
Metzgeria
furcata
510
322
10.77
Dicranoweisia
cirrata
F
113
71
11.31
Hypnum
cupressiforme var. lacunosum
260
161
12.95
Brachythecium
mildeanum
42
26
12.98
Pseudephemerum nitidum
140
113
13.35
Homalothecium
sericeum
K
396
244
13.51
Plagiomnium
affine
51
31
15.06
Pohlia
annotina s. l. ALL DATA L
292
177
15.38
Plagiomnium
undulatum
378
228
15.95
Cratoneuron
filicinum
K
315
190
15.95
Ceratodon
purpureus
K
506
305
16.03
Lophocolea
bidentata
521
314
16.05
Atrichum
undulatum
470
283
16.15
Rhynchostegiella tenella G
246
147
17.04
Fissidens
taxifolius var. taxifolius
K
386
229
17.89
Lunularia
cruciata
354
209
18.46
Thamnobryum
alopecurum
330
193
19.59
Polytrichastrum formosum D
303
177
19.73
Oxyrrhynchium
pumilum
329
192
19.85
Orthotrichum
rivulare
J
24
14
19.90
Calliergonella cuspidata K
518
300
20.76
Kindbergia
praelonga
647
374
20.99
Tortula
truncata
A
390
225
21.23
Mylia
anomala
H
21
12
22.40
Oligotrichum
hercynicum
L
14
8
22.40
Fissidens
bryoides var. caespitans
J
151
86
22.80
Leptodictyum
riparium
J
89
50
24.49
Ulota
bruchii
E
374
210
24.56
Brachythecium
rutabulum
609
341
24.91
Didymodon
tophaceus
K
290
161
25.98
Isothecium
myosuroides var. myosuroides
495
271
27.75
Ulota crispa
s. l. ADDITIONAL DATA E
66
36
28.22
Metzgeria
fruticulosa s. l. ALL DATA E
565
305
29.56
Ulota
phyllantha
503
267
31.76
Hypnum
cupressiforme var. resupinatum
583
309
31.96
Barbula
unguiculata
454
239
32.86
Amblystegium
serpens var. salinum
C
23
12
34.05
Zygodon
viridissimus var. viridissimus
411
214
34.32
Tortula
muralis
G
539
277
36.09
Oxyrrhynchium
hians K
397
202
37.46
Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus
494
249
38.76
Ptilidium
ciliare
L
10
5
39.88
Hygroamblystegium tenax J
14
7
39.88
Bryum
rubens A
317
158
40.32
Orthotrichum
anomalum
G
115
57
41.11
Phascum
cuspidatum ALL DATA
A
190
94
41.37
Bryum
dichotomum
514
254
41.53
Bryum
argenteum
392
193
42.05
Sciuro-hypnum
populeum
J
216
106
42.52
Syntrichia
ruralis var. ruralis
K
45
22
43.06
Grimmia
trichophylla s. l. ALL DATA F
306
147
45.59
Barbula
convoluta ALL DATA
K
1099
518
48.39
Rhynchostegium confertum K
531
249
49.15
Grimmia
pulvinata
G
299
138
51.54
Bryum
capillare
K
585
269
52.10
Cryphaea
heteromalla
E
391
178
53.63
Fossombronia
incurva
B
18
8
57.37†
Amblystegium
serpens var. serpens K
511
223
60.27
Bryum
donianum
K
108
47
60.71
Didymodon
insulanus
562
244
61.09
Hymenostylium
recurvirostrum s. str.
M
21
9
63.19
Dicranella
varia
280
118
65.96
Dicranella
schreberiana
A
147
61
68.54
Orthotrichum
pulchellum
E
225
93
69.21
Orthodontium
lineare
22
9
70.96
Dicranella
heteromalla
D
450
178
76.81
Gymnostomum
calcareum s. l. ALL DATA G
28
11
78.03
Riccia
crystallina
18
7
79.85
Zygodon
viridissimus var. stirtonii
109
42
81.51
Scleropodium
cespitans
J
27
10
88.84
Orthotrichum
tenellum
E
65
24
89.42
Orthotrichum affine E 374 137 90.93 |